Robotics

Robotics

• Robotics is the branch of science where the study of robots is conducted.
• The term robot was first coined in 1920 by Czech Republic science fiction writers, Karel Chepec and Joseph Chepeck, who portrayed robots negatively.
• They named the robot e-robota, depicting it as bonded labor.

Robot

• A robot is a machine that acts like a human.
• It is self-propelled and self-programming, capable of both static and dynamic tasks.

Usage in Different Sectors

• Robots can be used in various tasks such as kitchen chores, cleaning, garden maintenance, and sports testing like tennis and wrestling.
• They are utilized in disaster management for scenarios like fire, flood, and cyclones.
• In agriculture, robots can protect crops from animals, and in industries, they work with heavy machinery, welding, packing, and chemical industries.
• They can also be utilized in space research, missions, mining, and establishing human habitation in space.
• In journalism, the use of journalist robots is increasing, and they can also be used in entertainment.
• Defense is another sector where robots find application.
• Robots can serve in the healthcare sector as robo-surgeons and robo-nurses.

Challenges of Robotics

• Insensitivity: Robots lack empathy.Machine Failure: Being machines, they are prone to malfunction.
• Unemployment: Increased use of robots can lead to job displacement.
• Human-Machine Conflict: There can be conflicts between humans and machines.

Components of the Robot:

• Robot Part: It has the ability to walk, hence feet are attached.
• End Effectors: Hands, arms, etc. are also utilized in them.
• Actuator: Capability to function similarly to human muscles.

Computer Components:

• Software: Stores complete information about the work.
• Sensor: Assists in recognizing the sensation of a task.

Human-like Features in Robots:

• To make any robot human-like, it needs to include human-like features.Sensation in Humans: Humans have the ability to sense things, feel, etc.
• Sensor in Robots: This property is inserted by sensors in robots. Many types of sensors have been developed by humans, resolving this challenge.

Challenges in Robotics:

• Supercomputer Size: Millions of processors are required to make human-like logic in robots, utilized in supercomputers. Unless the size of the supercomputer is reduced, the challenge remains.
• Optical and Quality Control: Utilizing techniques like optical and quality control to reduce the size of supercomputers.
• Locomotion: Humans are multitasking due to the ability of locomotion. To enable robots to work like humans, the ability to walk must be developed.

Rules of Robots:

Three rules of robots were created to avoid the challenge of how to develop robotic technology. Robots that could not fulfill these three rules are not robots, they were told by Isaac Asimov in 1942
1.No Harm to Humans: Robots should not harm humans.
2.Obedience to Orders: Robots must obey humans but not at the expense of violating the first rule.
3.Self-protection: Robots must protect themselves, and if the first two rules are violated, the robot should end itself, erasing its existence.

• If the robot follows all three rules, it is technically accepted, known as robotic ethics.
• Above these three rules, Isaac Asimov established a rule emphasizing the importance of humanity over humans, stating that robots should never harm humanity.

Global Robotics Report 2023

• The Global Robotics Report 2023 is published by the International Robotics Union (IFR).

Key Findings

• In 2023, a total of 555,700 industrial robots were manufactured worldwide, bringing the global count to approximately 4 million.
• The majority of industrial robots originate from China and Japan.
• Industrial robots are primarily utilized in the automobile and electronic industries.

Industrial Robotics in India

• The total number of industrial robots in India stands at 4900.

Development of Robots
For Entertainment RLO ASIMO MORIO Mobility For Office Tasks Japan: i-feat, i-Real America: MOBIRO, MOBEL Robo-Mitra: Used in Indian offices In Healthcare Sector Robo-Mitra: A nurse robot that cared for COVID-19 patients. In Banking Sector LUXMI Robot: Union Bank of India, Chennai ERA: HDFC Bank, Mumbai	For Disaster Management T-53 ENRYU: Created by Japan for firefighting. BandiCOOT: Made by India for flood management. For Domestic Use TAMA: Made by Matsushita Company, Japan, can read facial expressions. ABIO: A robo-dog made by Sony, Japan, aids blind individuals in crossing roads. Cheetah Robot: Capable of running at 45-50 km/h. REX-MK robot: Made by Israel.	In Space Sector Curiosity, NASA: Sent to Mars. Pragyan, ISRO: Sent on Chandrayaan 3 to the moon. Vyom-Mitra, ISRO: To be used in the Gaganyaan mission. In Defense Sector (by DRDO) Chaturobot: A logical robot. F-INSAS: A soldier robot. Miscellaneous Hexa Robot: To operate warplanes. ATLAS: Equipped with 5 pedals for rough terrains.

Efforts Made by India:

CAIR (Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics):

• It is an organization dedicated to robotics research and development.
• It is India's oldest institution working on robot development.
• CAIR is developing robots for the defense sector, including the Garuda robot, which assists in aircraft manufacturing at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.

All India Council for Research & Automation:

• The council provides a conducive environment, administrative support, financial aid, and technical assistance for working in robotics.

Main Organizations Manufacturing Robots in India:

• Gen Robotics
• Inventro Robotics
• Asimov Robotics
• Indus Robotics
• Grey Orange Robotics
• TAL of TATA Robotics (BRABO)